Journal of Translational Regenerative Medicine
"Translating Regeneration into Life"

Fabrication and In-vitro Characterization of Simvastatin-loaded Polycaprolactone/Hydroxyapatite 3D Printed Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Mohammad Hosein Shahrezaee 1
Alireza Parhiz 2
Negin Khoshnood 3
Alireza Mahboubian 4
Melika Sahranavard 3

1 School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.

3 Biomaterials Research Group, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Iran.

4 School of Business, The Ingenuity Center Nottingham, University of Nottingham, Nottingham. United Kingdom.

https://doi.org/10.32598/JTRM.1.1007
Abstract
Background: Three-dimensional (3D) printing application is a promising method for the development of cell-friendly bone substitutes with appropriate properties. In this study, we developed 3D polycaprolactone (PCL)-based scaffolds by 3D printing technology, and the osteogenic differentiation of pre-osteoblast MC3T3 cells on these scaffolds was evaluated. 
Methods: Considering that PCL is naturally hydrophobic and lacks active interaction sites, oxygen plasma surface modification was carried out to provide a suitable hydrophilic surface for PCL-simvastatin interaction. Different HA concentrations (0.5, 1, and 1.5 % w/v) were added to PCL scaffolds, and the scaffolds with 1% HA showed good printability with interconnected porosity.
Results: The mechanical properties exhibited an increase of 2.67 times in comparison to PCL scaffolds. The addition of HA and oxygen plasma treatment increased the hydrophilicity and swelling ratio, and the final PCL scaffolds with 1%HA and simvastatin (PHPB) showed the highest percentage of biodegradation with 36.65±3.75 (%) biodegradation ratio after 21 days. The biological studies indicated that surface modification of the PCL scaffolds provided a suitable hydrophilic platform for attachment, osteogenic differentiation, and proliferation of MC3T3 cells. 
Conclusion: It seems that PHPB scaffolds are promising for bone tissue regeneration applications.

Keywords

Polycaprolactone (PCL)
Hydroxyapatite (HA)
Fused deposition modeling 3D printing
Simvastatin
Bone tissue engineering

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